Microsoft DOS

FUNDAMENTALS OF DOS

বাংলা ফন্ট না দেখালে ফাইলটিকে ডাউনলোড করে অফলাইনে  পড়ার জন্য এখানে ক্লিক করুন।

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(আমরা  ফন্টের সমস্যাটিতে কাজ করছি। ধিরে ধিরে এই সমস্যার সমাধান করা হচ্ছে।)

What is DOS?

DOS Stands for Disk Operating System. Like other OS DOS also acts as a bridge between man and machine.

What is CUI?

CUI stands for Character User Interface / Command User Interface. That means here all interaction should be carried out by commands.

What is command?

It is an instruction to interact with computer in DOS environment. There are two types of DOS commands as Internal Commands and External Commands.

What is internal command?

Those commands which defined in Command.com file are called as Internal Command, for example Copy, Dir. Copy Con etc.

What is External Commands?

Those command which are not defined in command.com file and installed from out side or third party then its called External command.

How many DOS Operating Systems are available?

DOS may be divided onto two types as MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) and PC-DOS ( Personal Computer Disk Operating System). Although there are several versions are available on DOS platform. MSDOS 1.00 was released in the year 1981 and now the latest versions are 6.22 and 7.00.

What is POST?

When the computer is switched on a beep sound is heard . It indicates that computer has received a proper  voltage at proper place and all parts of the machine are in working condition.  This is known as POST means  Power On Self Testing.

What is Booting?

Booting is a process  in which the five important files are transferred from secondary  memory device to primary memory device like RAM. The files are (1) IO.SYS (2) MSDOS.SYS (3) COMMAND.COM (4) AUTOEXEC.BAT (5) BOOT.INI.

What is MBR?

MBR stands for Master Boot Record. It means the computer boot  from which boot sector.   

What is Boot Loader?

After turning on the PC which OS load from the MBR from which drive it is selected by the small program, which is named as Boot Loader.

What is Cold Booting?

Cold booting or simple Booting is generally performed when the machine is started by turning on the power for the first time.

What is Warm Booting?

This type of booting is performed while the computer is in working condition without turning off the power.  This is generally performed when the machine stops responding to the user. Warm booting can be executed by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del keys or pressing the Reset Key. The computer starts working from the beginning i.e. from the POST, but excluding the RAM test.

What is Wild Card Character?

DOS uses two special characters  ? and * and these are known as Wildcard. The wildcard ? is used to place of missing characters and * is used in place of a group of missing characters.

What is DOS Prompt?

DOS prompt is the place from where the commands are written and executed. It Looks like this C:\>. It means you are in C drive and on root position.

What is Batch File?

In batch file it is a set of tasks that are arranged in sequential order. During batch processing , it performs all the tasks sequentially. At  the time of processing, no interaction is possible between computer and user. The main advantage of batch processing is that a wide range of applications can be supported by a single batch processing system and in order to identify the type of hardware and translator, some control statements are used which are known as Job Control Language (JCL).

 

What is directory?

Directories contain the files. It is similar as folders in Windows environment. It does not takes any memory in the disk.

What is File?

Files contain the information. It always takes the memory in disks. It has extension name.

What is file extension?

Extension name is the name of the file type or category. With this computer and OS can understand the file type and best opening software for those files. It always separated by dot (.) and usually it takes 3 characters. For example Myfile.txt.  Here Myfile is the file name and txt is the extension of text files just as for  Notepad.

What is 8.3 naming convention for DOS?

It is the convention in DOS environment that file name must be within 8 characters and extension must be within 3 characters.

COMMANDS

TO VIEW THE VERSION NAME AND NUMBERS.

VER

TO VIEW THE VOLUME NAME AND LABEL

VOL

TO CHANGE THE VOLUME NAME

LABEL ANYNAME

TO VIEW / CHANGE THE SYSTEM  DATE

DATE

TO VIEW / CHANGE THE SYSTEM TIME

TIME

TO CREATE A NEW FILE

COPY CON FILENAME.TXT

TO SAVE  THE FILE

F6

TO VIEW THE FILE

TYPE FILENAME.TXT

TO MODIFY THE FILE (EXTERNAL COMMAND)

EDIT FILENAME.TXT

TO CHANGE THE FILE NAME/DIRECTORY NAME

REN FILENAME.TXT  NEWFILENAME.TXT

TO DELETE THE FILE

DEL FILENAME.TXT

TO COPY THE FILE

COPY   TOTAL_SOURCEPS_PATH     TOTAL_DESTINATION_PATH

TO COPY THE FILE WITH NEW NAME

COPY    TOTAL_SOURCE_PATH    TOTAL_DESTINATION_PATH\NEW_NAME.TXT

TO CUT AND PASTE A FILE

MOVE    TOTAL_SOURCE_PATH    TOTAL_DESTINATION_PATH

TO CUT AND PASTE WITH A NEW NAME

MOVE    TOTAL_SOURCE_PATH    TOTAL_DESTINATION_PATH\NEW_NAME

TO ADD SOME FILES WITHIN ONE FILE

COPY   FILE1.TXT + FILE2.TXT + FILE3.TXT   FILE4.TXT

TO CREATE A DIRECTORY

MD    DIRECTORY_NAME

TO CHANGE THE DIRECTORY

CD    DIRECTORY_NAME

TO DELETE THE DIRECTORY

RD    DIRECTORY_NAME

TO VIEW THE FILE-DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

TREE/F     DIRECTORY_NAME

TO ERASE THE DIRECTORY STRUCTURE (WIN98/ME)

DELTREE    DIRECTORY_NAME

TO ERASE THE DIRECTORY STRUCTURE (XP/7/8/8.1)

RD/S/Q DIRECTORY NAME

TO VIEW THE DIRECTORIES

DIR

TO VIEW DIRECTORIES PAGEWISE

DIR/P

TO VIEW DIRECTORIES PAGE & WIDTHWISE

DIR/P/W

TO VIEW THE DIRECTORIES ONLY

DIR/P/AD

TO VIEW THE FILES ONLY

DIR/P/A-D

TO VIEW THE FILES IN ORDER

DIR/P/O

TO VIEW THE FILES IN DATEWISE ORDER

DIR/P/OD

TO VIEW THE FILES IN DATEWISE DESCENDING ORDER

DIR/P/O-D

TO VIEW THE FILES IN SIZEWISE ORDER

DIR/P/OS

TO VIEW THE FILES IN SIZEWISE DESCENDING ORDER

DIR/P/O-S

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH HIDDEN ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/AH

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH NON HIDDEN ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/A-H

TO VIEW THE FILES READ ONLY ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/AR

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH NON READ ONLY ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/A-R

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH SYSTEM ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/AS

TO VIEW THE FILE WITH NON SYSTEM ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/A-S

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH ARCHIEVE ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/AA

TO VIEW THE FILES WITH NON ARCHIEVE ATTRIBUTE

DIR/P/A-A

TO SEARCH THE FILES WITH TXT EXTENSION

DIR/P/S   *.TXT

TO SEARCH ALL TXT FILES WITH FIRST LETTER AS ‘S’

DIR/P/S  S *.TXT

TO SEARCH ALL FILES WITH 3RD LETTER AS ‘C’

DIR/P/S    ??C?????.*

TO CHANGE THE FILE READONLY ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    +R   FILENAME.TXT

TO REMOVE THE FILE READONLY ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    -R    FILENAME.TXT

TO CHANGE THE FILE HIDDEN ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    +H    FILENAME.TXT

TO REMOVE THE FILE HIDDEN ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB   -H    FILENAME.TXT

TO CHANGE THE FILE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    +S   FILENAME.TXT

TO REMOVE THE FILE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    -S    FILENAME.TXT

TO CHANGE THE FILE ARCHIEVE ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB    +A    FILENAME.TXT

TO REMOVE THE FILE ARCHIEVE ATTRIBUTE

ATTRIB   -A    FILENAME.TXT

TO VIEW THE FILE PAGEWISE (EXTERNAL)

MORE    FILENAME.TXT

TO ERASE A DRIVE CONTENT (EXTERNAL)

FORMAT  DRIVE_NAME:

TO VIEW THE HARDDISK STATUS

CHKDSK

TO VIEW THE RAM STATUS

MEM

TO CLEAR THE SCREEN

CLS

TO CLOSE DOS

EXIT

TO SHUTDOWN THE COMPUTER (WINDOWS XP)

SHUTDOWN  -S

বাংলা ফন্ট না দেখালে ফাইলটিকে ডাউনলোড করে অফলাইনে  পড়ার জন্য এখানে ক্লিক করুন।

If Bengali Font problems Please Click Here to download offline version.

(আমরা  ফন্টের সমস্যাটিতে কাজ করছি। ধিরে ধিরে এই সমস্যার সমাধান করা হচ্ছে।)